Arnold Toynbee
Toynbee's twelve-volume A Study of History was the most ambitious attempt to identify the patterns of civilizational rise and fall in the 20th century. Though later historians questioned his methodology, it remains a monument of speculative philosophy of history.
Works
- A Study of HistoryMonumental historical study of civilizations, their rise, decline, and patterns
- A Study of History (abridged)Condensed version of ten-volume Study examining civilizational patterns
- Civilization on TrialEssays examining Western civilization and its relationship to history
- The World and the WestHistorical analysis of tensions between Western culture and other civilizations
- HellenismEssay on ancient Greek civilization, culture, and historical significance