Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu
French political philosopher whose Spirit of the Laws developed the theory of separation of powers that became the basis for constitutional government in America and France. His Persian Letters offered an outsider's satirical view of French society. He is the founder of comparative sociology.
Works
- The Spirit of the LawsPolitical theory: laws derive from geography, climate, and cultural conditions
- Persian LettersEpistolary satire: Persian travelers critique European society and customs
- Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the RomansHistorical analysis explaining rise and fall of Roman empire
- My Thoughts
- Defense of the Spirit of the LawsDefense of Spirit of the Laws against critics and detractors