Johann Gottfried Herder
German philosopher who founded modern cultural nationalism and the philosophy of history. Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Humanity argued that each culture expresses its own inner spirit. His anti-universalism influenced Romanticism and became the theoretical foundation for 19th-century nationalism.
Works
- Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of HumanityPhilosophy of history emphasizing culture, language, and national character development
- This Too a Philosophy of HistoryHistorical critique comparing ancient cultures and eighteenth-century Enlightenment
- On the Origin of LanguagePhilosophical inquiry into the origins and nature of human language development
- Letters for the Advancement of HumanityEssays advocating for humanistic values and cultural education
- Journal of My Voyage in the Year 1769Travel journal documenting observations from a Scandinavian voyage