Sigmund Freud
Austrian neurologist who founded psychoanalysis, the most influential theory of the mind in the 20th century. The Interpretation of Dreams proposed that unconscious wishes, revealed in dreams and slips of the tongue, are the key to understanding the mind. His work transformed psychiatry, literature, and culture, though much of it has been scientifically contested.
Works
- The Interpretation of DreamsPsychoanalytic theory that dreams express unconscious desires and conflicts
- Civilization and Its DiscontentsAnalysis of psychological toll of civilization on human instincts and happiness
- The Ego and the IdTheory dividing psyche into conscious, preconscious, and unconscious components
- Three Essays on the Theory of SexualityFreudian theory of child psychosexual development and its role in personality
- Totem and TabooAnthropological exploration of primitive societies and psychological development
- The Psychopathology of Everyday LifeCollection of everyday errors revealing unconscious impulses and psychological mechanics
- Beyond the Pleasure PrincipleTheory introducing death instinct opposing Eros as fundamental psychological force