Ivan Illich
Austrian-American philosopher and social critic whose Deschooling Society and Tools for Conviviality attacked modern institutions—schools, hospitals, transportation—for counterproductively increasing dependence and inequality. His concept of counterproductivity was enormously influential in radical educational and medical circles.
Works
- Deschooling SocietyCritique of institutional schooling and proposal for alternative learning communities
- Tools for ConvivialityPhilosophy of tools and technology promoting autonomy and human flourishing
- Medical NemesisCritique of medicine as oppressive institution limiting health and autonomy
- Energy and EquityEssay on transportation technology's role in social inequality and energy use
- Shadow WorkEssays on unpaid domestic labor hidden behind industrial productivity and progress
- In the Vineyard of the TextMedieval history exploring the transition from oral to written culture