Ivan Illich

Deschooling Society

Critique of institutional schooling and proposal for alternative learning communities

About the author

Ivan Illich
Ivan Illich

Austrian-American philosopher and social critic whose Deschooling Society and Tools for Conviviality attacked modern institutions—schools, hospitals, transportation—for counterproductively increasing dependence and inequality. His concept of counterproductivity was enormously influential in radical educational and medical circles.

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